• Graduate Programs
  • Research
  • Browse our Courses
  • Events
    • Events Calendar
    • Events Archive
    • Summer School
      • Applied Public Policy Evaluation
      • Deep Learning
      • Development Economics
      • Economics of Blockchain and Digital Currencies
      • Economics of Climate Change
      • The Economics of Crime
      • Foundations of Machine Learning with Applications in Python
      • From Preference to Choice: The Economic Theory of Decision-Making
      • Inequalities in Health and Healthcare
      • Marketing Research with Purpose
      • Markets with Frictions
      • Modern Toolbox for Spatial and Functional Data
      • Sustainable Finance
      • Tuition Fees and Payment
      • Business Data Science Summer School Program
    • Tinbergen Institute Lectures
    • 2026 Tinbergen Institute Opening Conference
    • Annual Tinbergen Institute Conference
  • News
  • Summer School
    • Applied Public Policy Evaluation
    • Deep Learning
    • Development Economics
    • Economics of Blockchain and Digital Currencies
    • Economics of Climate Change
    • The Economics of Crime
    • Foundations of Machine Learning with Applications in Python
    • From Preference to Choice: The Economic Theory of Decision-Making
    • Inequalities in Health and Healthcare
    • Marketing Research with Purpose
    • Markets with Frictions
    • Modern Toolbox for Spatial and Functional Data
    • Sustainable Finance
    • Tuition Fees and Payment
  • Alumni

Van Witteloostuijn, A. (1990). Learning in economic theory: a taxonomy with an application to expectations formation Journal of Economic Psychology, 11(2):183--207.


  • Journal
    Journal of Economic Psychology

A crucial aspect of the psychology of economic agents is learning. In economic theory learning behavior of human beings occurs, in general, in a rather primitive fashion. Insofar as agents' learning behavior is introduced in formal economic models, it shows up in the form of the adaptation of the values of parameters or variables. The structure of the model employed is considered to be given. In this article a taxonomy of learning is presented, in which the adaptation of parameter and variable values is just one of the manifestations of actual learning behavior of human beings in an economic world. The argument is illustrated with the help of economic theories of expectations formation.